My research program is centered on the environmental regulation of gene activity in plants. This central theme has guided activities that have reached out in the directions of fundamental mechanisms of gene expression in plants, plant chromatin, signal transduction and most recently the impacts of the novel environment of spaceflight on how these mechanisms provide adaptive strategies. Spaceflight is an environment completely outside of the evolutionary history of life on earth. Growing plants in space or on another planet to support human colonies requires an understanding of this novel physiological adaptation. Studying the effects of spaceflight allows us to explore limits to the adaptive process and to probe the potential mechanism that can allow life to expand adaptation to novel environmental challenges that will arise here on earth or when we move to other planets.